The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.